SCT Proceedings in Interdisciplinary Insights and Innovations
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
Social Innovation: opportunity for business sustainability
Faced with unresolved social, economic and environmental problems, it is common to observe the performance of companies in the search for alternative solutions. Social innovation has become a tool to generate growth, consolidation and success in organizations. This type of innovation includes changes at the managerial, organizational and human level, in the face of changes in services and products, as well as in the processes offered by technological innovation. The purpose of this article is to present a documentary review of social innovation; in addition to the management of innovation in companies and finally, it addresses the issue of social innovation from the approach of business sustainability, as a strategy that allows companies to become sustainable, innovate and ensure that their operations and results do not have a negative impact on society and the environment.
Copyright (c) 2023 Erika Astrid Araque Geney, Diana Esther Álvarez Contreras (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Work-based learning in vocational education over past two decades: A scientometric and future research agenda
Introduction: Work-Based Learning (WBL) is recognised as a successful educational strategy that offers practical experience for vocational students. Despite numerous studies focussing on WBL as a tool for skill transfer, research examining its implementation and impact in vocational education remains few. This study aims to do a bibliometric analysis centred on the deployment of WBL and its effects in vocational education. This study specifically intends to assess the current state of work-based learning (WBL) research in vocational education and to establish a framework for WBL in this domain. Methods: This research employs a bibliometric analysis of 2,570 Scopus publications from 2003 to 2023. VOSviewer is utilised to delineate the research network pertaining to work-based learning. Results: The results indicate that the highest number of papers on work-based learning was published in 2023, with 229 articles, and the publication trend has consistently risen each year. Moreover, research on work-based learning frequently employs the phrase workplace learning across many nations. The terms work-based learning and workplace learning are synonymous, both denoting the process of acquiring knowledge and skills within a work context. This encompasses diverse learning modalities, such as formal training, informal learning via job performance, and engagement with colleagues in the workplace. The cluster analysis results on work-based learning and workplace learning yielded six clusters. Conclusions: The six clusters include recognition of prior learning in work-based learning, acquisition of professional competency, problem-based learning in the workplace, work-based learning curriculum, total quality management for work-based learning, and task performance evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tuatul Mahfud, Henry Winnarko, Bambang Jati Kusuma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
About uncomfortable inheritances and unwanted legacies. Compiling and preserving personal files of relatives involved in crimes related to state represión
This work constitutes a proposal for the elaboration of personal archives of individuals who have committed crimes and offences, as members of the repressive apparatus of the State (the police and other non-military law enforcement forces), and who have been characterized by their high degree of corruption, as well as by the violation of the Human Rights of the population. The latter, based on their command positions and in the Mexican context. It is intended that these archives be organized and managed, at least initially, by the same family of the subjects. The proposal is framed within social studies on memory and critical heritage studies. It was carried out based on the case study of the recovered collection belonging to Manuel B., who in life was commander of the police in Mexico City, during the period known as the Dirty War (1964-1982). Some of the conclusions obtained are that the administration of these archives by the families of individuals involved in delinquent and criminal acts within the repressive apparatus of the State, with the purpose of making it accessible to the public, is fundamental. This not only ensures the preservation and organization of crucial information, but also allows for an intimate and personal perspective on complex historical events.
Copyright (c) 2024 Margarita Isabel Arvide Basterra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Between honor and safeguarding the family. Secret baptisms and illegitimacy in the town of Tlaltenango, Puebla in the first half of the 20th century
The study analyzed illegitimacy and secrecy in the family structure of Mexico during the first half of the 20th century, emphasizing its influence on baptismal records. It explored the role of the Church in preserving honor and social cohesion, even after the creation of the Civil Registry in 1857. In Tlaltenango, Puebla, a “Book of Secret Baptisms (1902-1919)” was found, an unusual source that reflected strategies to hide illegitimate births and protect the reputation of families. Analysis of 1430 baptismal records showed that 286 corresponded to secret baptisms, representing almost a quarter of births in the period. An increase in the records was observed from 1916 to 1918, coinciding with the Mexican Revolution and the Spanish flu, events that altered population dynamics. Paternal absence became recurrent in the records, which could be related to the war and the health crisis. The study also revealed that the secrecy of baptisms derived from factors such as illegitimacy, incestuous relationships and the violence of the Revolution. The parish priest Manuel Solar used these records as a mechanism to avoid scandal and protect single mothers. Finally, the article concluded that these secret baptisms reflected changes in Mexican morality and social structure, evidencing an ongoing process of secularization.
Copyright (c) 2024 Antonio Pérez Rodríguez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Traditional ancestral midwifery of the Guarani culture. Construction of dialogues and knowledge
Traditional Guarani midwifery has sustained and still sustains the entire ancestral health system of the communities, with millenary knowledge and wisdom that have given life to several generations. It is important to strengthen and defend these practices so that they do not disappear and are not assimilated by the conventional and hegemonic health system, for which professional teams have the great challenge of building from cultural diversity. The intercultural approach in health leads to broaden the field of action and to analyze the methodological and pedagogical tools to promote rapprochement and complementarity between both medicines. In this article, a synthesis will be provided from the research from the nursing praxis and in a human rights approach of the Indigenous Peoples, on the subject of the Traditional Ancestral Midwifery of the Peasant and Indigenous Mbya Guarani, taking into account the specific cultural practices of each territorial identity, in the communities, in order to understand the needs and the contributions of the ancestral knowledge of the wise men and women of this population. The author declares herself to be a professional of Guarani origin, whose family traditionally practiced midwifery and ancestral birth medicine in the region of Fulgencio Yegros and Taruma Paraguay.
Copyright (c) 2023 Liliana Estela López (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Notes for the study of identity: From the configuration of the person to the shaping of a nation
interest in all things Mexican is nothing new in the field of social and humanistic disciplines. Throughout the history of our country there have been many attempts to establish, consolidate and understand what it means to be Mexican as an identity phenomenon; however, political and ideological transitions have determined both the way in which this paradigm has been theorized, as well as the conceptions and implications of it. For those interested in the study of identity, this concept represents a methodological challenge given that it possesses characteristics that mean that it can be approached from the epistemology of different disciplines: As a cognitive system it is a subject for psychology; while its socializing, socializing and cultural dimension makes it a subject for sociology or anthropology; what can be said about its historical implications and conditioning factors; without neglecting the fact that, as it is an ontological matter, it is also the province of philosophy. Its study, therefore, is determined by the disciplinary perspective from which it is approached, which fragments the findings and the integral understanding of this phenomenon. In view of this situation, this proposal focuses on establishing the dialectical relationship that is articulated between individual and collective identity as entities that depend on and are subordinated to each other. Thus, by linking psychological, sociological and anthropological theory, identity can be understood through a specific historical-cultural context in which, in turn, the various national identities are configured and inserted.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nuria Abril Montalvo Pedraza (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE HEBRA THAT BROKE” The untold story in the collective memory of Chi Metztli women through their embroidery in Arroyo Cumiapa San Luis Acatlán Guerrero
Violence against women has its roots in culture and in the way it is socially structured, where the exclusion of women is evident through unequal opportunities and the sexual division of labor. Although it is true that the different ways of being a woman in the indigenous world are shaped by the particular gender constructions of the peoples to which they belong, it is important to identify the influence that globalization imposes on them in this context, since it has brought about “the feminization of poverty”. Immersed in this multi-violence, they have endured in silence the crises of a world that has excluded them and then forgotten them. Their art, based on stitches and colors, has changed after the onslaught of the pandemic, natural, economic and cultural crises that are shaking the world; the production of their textile arts has taken a back seat in this technological and rapacious era. Their embroidered stories, their ancestral materials no longer make sense to the new generations, and if that were not enough, on top of all this, the powers that be have invaded their territories, their plots of land, effectively silencing their voices when it comes to embroidery. Because there are stories that they simply do not wish to remember. Their commissioned work tells an imaginary story that is told to them and imposed on them by someone else, totally alien to their cosmogony and locality.
Copyright (c) 2024 Paola Isabel Boleaga Ocampo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The role of museums and interpretation centers in historical education
Museums and interpretation centers play a fundamental role in historical education by providing spaces where people can learn about the past in an interactive, immersive and meaningful way. The preservation and exhibition of artifacts enrich historical education by providing visitors with authentic, emotional, contextual, sensory and educational experiences. In history education, contextualization is essential to provide students with an enriched and meaningful understanding of the past. By considering context, students can develop a more critical, empathetic and connected perspective on history, enabling them to appreciate and value the complexity and diversity of the human experience over time. Storytelling is a powerful strategy for engaging students and fostering their understanding and appreciation of history, stimulating their imagination and curiosity. Integrating meaningful and captivating narratives into history teaching can spark greater interest in and attachment to the past. They are used as tangible testimonies of the past, allowing a direct connection with history. Their understanding and appreciation of the cultures and civilizations that preceded us. This allows people to better appreciate how the past influences the present. Interactive experiences can motivate students, make history more accessible and relevant, and provide opportunities for them to explore, reflect and learn in an active way. Educators can enrich student learning and foster a deeper and more meaningful appreciation of history.
Copyright (c) 2024 Yosbanis Guerra Linares, Abraham Reyes Conde (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
To produce and sow chancacas: The arrival of sugar cane in the Huasteca región
The study analyzed the role of indigenous peoples in the production and trade of piloncillo in the Huasteca region during the 17th and 18th centuries. It examined the introduction of sugar cane in the region after the Spanish conquest and its economic and social implications. Sugar cane, brought by Hernán Cortés in 1522, expanded rapidly due to its profitability and demand in the European and New Spain markets. The research showed that the indigenous people adopted the crop not only because it was imposed on them, but also because of its cultural significance. The encomenderos encouraged its cultivation for self-consumption and later for commercialization. Sugar cane became a key element in the local economy, and its production diversified into white sugar for elites and piloncillo for popular consumption. Colonial documents revealed that the indigenous people managed to obtain licenses to plant sugar cane and operate mills, integrating themselves into the regional market. In addition, piloncillo acquired value as a bargaining chip, facilitating the payment of taxes and debts. By the end of the 17th century, the Huastec had consolidated their presence in the production of piloncillo, partially displacing the Spanish. The article concluded that the adoption of sugar cane transcended the economic, influencing diet, trade and indigenous cultural identity, generating a significant socio-productive transformation in colonial Huasteca.
Copyright (c) 2024 Karina Paulín Trejo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
When misogyny dresses up in colors: expressions of gay men on social media in the context of 8M in Mexico
Introduction: In recent years, digital social networks have allowed for the visibility and organization of the feminist struggle, particularly around the marches on March 8th. However, anti-feminist discourses have also proliferated in this space, including those coming from some gay men. The central question of the research is how these subjects express themselves on social networks with regard to the feminist movement and analyzes their comments in the context of 8M 2023. Development: The study is based on a qualitative analysis of social network posts made by Mexican gay men. Two types of reactions are identified: the first shows rejection of feminism through mockery, disqualification and arguments that minimize the feminist struggle; the second, in which other gay men criticize these misogynistic positions within their own community. Through the analysis, it is evident that some homosexual men reproduce heteronormative and patriarchal patterns, promoting discourses of cybermisogyny. Conclusion: The study reveals that misogyny is not exclusive to heterosexual men and that certain gay men perpetuate patriarchal attitudes. The presence of hate speech on digital social networks highlights the need to reflect on the intersection between the feminist struggle and the LGBT+ community, as well as the importance of internal self-criticism to eradicate sexist behavior.
Copyright (c) 2024 Enrique Bautista Rojas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The means of memory. Heritage values of journalistic discourse. Alma Mater magazine case study (1922-1958)
Media organizations constitute social spaces where the modern collective memory is built. This research delves into the study of the mediations and subjectivities that transversalize the journalistic discourse of the periodical press, turning it into testimonies of the historical course of social groups and societies and, therefore, an element assigned to the framework of documentary heritage.
Copyright (c) 2024 Yoandry Avila Guerra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dance and Resistance: The Tradition of the Diablos in Afro-Mexican Communities
The Afro-Mexicans who currently inhabit Mexican territory preserve a biocultural heritage that is manifested through their gastronomy, dances and other cultural expressions. The Afro-descendants who inhabit the Costa Chica of Oaxaca and Guerrero come from a history of enslavement, discrimination, racism and invisibility. The dance of the Devils is a cultural manifestation that prevents the cultural fusion between Africans and indigenous people. This dance is performed in these communities during the Day of the Dead, where people dress up as devils wearing their costumes, zoomorphic masks and accompanied by music, they walk through the streets of the towns to celebrate their dead. This dance dates back to colonial times when Africans were slaves on the haciendas and forced to work in oppression, so this dance is a satire of the hacienda structure of that time, it was also a means of worshipping their African god Ruja. Currently this dance is performed on local and national stages, it is used as a banner for the visibility of the Afro-descendant population that inhabits the country, to claim rights and as a means of cultural resistance in the face of so many years of exclusion by the Mexican State.
Copyright (c) 2024 Minerva Bautista Rojas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Jarocha's costume and the search for a Mexican identity between the Porfiriato and the post-revolution
The study examined the construction of Mexican identity from the 19th to the 20th century, highlighting its evolution in the context of the Porfiriato and the post-revolution. In its first decades as an independent nation, Mexico faced political and economic instability, but simultaneously began the search for a national identity. During the Porfiriato, the idea of a Mexican art based on pre-Hispanic and viceregal roots was promoted, while the contemporary indigenous community was marginalized under racist theories such as social Darwinism. Intellectuals such as Francisco Bulnes and Justo Sierra justified the exclusion of indigenous people, promoting modernization through cultural assimilation and whitening. In the post-revolutionary period, Mexican identity was reconstructed around the figure of the mestizo, recognizing the indigenous as part of the nation, but with a paternalistic vision. Nationalist folklore was strengthened, adopting cultural symbols that homogenized regional diversity. An example of this was the transformation of the traje de jarocha, a traditional dress, whose evolution reflected the reinterpretation of indigenous culture to adapt it to Western standards. During the 20th century, the institutionalization of nationalism consolidated an idealized version of Mexican culture, ignoring the diversity of indigenous expressions. The article concluded that Mexican identity was a process of cultural appropriation and redefinition driven by intellectual elites, where nationalism idealized the pre-Hispanic past while marginalizing contemporary indigenous people. The creation of national symbols, such as the traje de jarocha (a traditional dress), showed the influence of political discourse in the consolidation of a homogeneous identity.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sandra Torales Hueto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Urban anthropology: analysis of social dynamics in urban contexts
In the city of León Guanajuato, almost two million inhabitants walk, live and make possible the socio-cultural life of a territory that is distinguished by its activities linked to industry and the manufacture of footwear. The body is the vehicle for inhabiting this concrete jungle, it is the means of making oneself present in the urban space. The aim of this paper is to analyze how some sectors of the working class in León develop skills to inhabit and appropriate the city. Their bodies assume the effects of complicated transfers and long working days, but they also allow themselves to enjoy a moment of leisure to counteract the inequalities to which they are subjected in the urban experience. For this exercise I propose a look at the activities linked to three scenarios: the first, to one of the traditional trades of León, Guanajuato through the analysis of the bodily activities linked to the production of footwear in family workshops; a second scenario of bodily practices is mobility in public transport and finally I share a reflection on bodily enjoyment in the city through the analysis of sonidero dance and cumbia as a unifying of the body-city relationship of this sector of the population.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jair Emmanuel Flores García (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Between Grains and Memories: An Approach to the Collective Memory of Colombian Coffee Growers in the 20th Century
Addressing the memory of Colombian coffee growing allows us to make visible the individual and collective experiences that have been omitted from the national historiography, but which undoubtedly contributed, directly or indirectly, to the consolidation of the country's coffee industry. In this sense, the purpose of this paper is to present an in-depth analysis of the economic, social and cultural practices related to Colombian coffee growing in the 20th century, taking as a case study the traditional cultivation techniques that were carried out in the municipality of Pandi, Cundinamarca during this period. The objective is to describe those events of the past that, in the present, have become elements of remembrance for the members of this community and thus be able to recognize their beliefs, customs, knowledge, ways of being, struggles, resistances, among other factors that are the product of social interactions and the collective fabric. Using the narrative approach as a research methodology and through semi-structured interviews and participant observation, the aim was to delve deeper into the life experiences that some senior citizens had in relation to this historical context. Among the results obtained, it is noteworthy that the events that are the subject of recollection reflect an interrelationship between historical events on a local, regional and national scale. Finally, it is possible to identify both the common ground and the tensions, the opportunities and the social inequalities within the group.
Copyright (c) 2024 Gina Lorena Tejero Solano (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The care habitus: an approach from collective memory and figurational sociology
Introduction: The study addressed the relationship between collective memory, habitus and figurational theory in care practices. Based on Norbert Elias' figurational sociology, care was understood as relational practices in constant transformation. In turn, the impact of collective memory on the transmission of values and norms that regulate these practices over time was analyzed. The research took into account the influence of social structures, gender and individual agency in the configuration of the care habitus. Development: The analysis was based on figurational theory, which conceives of society as networks of interdependence. Elias argued that individuals are shaped in their interaction with others, which generates dynamic and changing structures. Through the concept of habitus, it was identified that care is not only instrumental actions, but also symbolic practices that are internalized over time. Collective memory allowed for the continuity of these dispositions, while enabling changes in the norms and meanings of caregiving according to sociocultural transformations. Likewise, the link between memory-habit and image-memory by Zenia Yébenes was explored, highlighting how past experiences influence present and future practices. Conclusion: The study concluded that care practices are part of historical and relational processes, where collective memory, habitus and figuration interact in the configuration of social dispositions. Care is not an isolated act, but a dynamic process influenced by norms, power relations and subjective experiences. Finally, the importance of understanding care from a comprehensive perspective that considers its evolution and its role in social reproduction was highlighted.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ivonne Mondragon Segovia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dietary habits of first-year nursing students
Objective: To analyze the dietary habits of nursing students at a private university in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study. An instrument consisting of 31 questions was used and non-probability sampling was applied. Results: 49 students participated with a mean age of 26.16 years (SD: 6.67), female (81.63%) and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.02 kg/m2. Eating habits were mostly described as partially adequate (63.27%). The mean compliance with the ideal diet was 57.24% (SD:14.33, 95%CI:53.13-61.36), with the dimension "consumption of recommended foods" being the worst with a compliance of 30.27% of the ideal value (SD:18.26, 95%CI:25.03-35.52). Conclusions: Dietary habits were partially adequate, characterized by low intake of fruits, vegetables and water. Although the mean BMI was higher in students whose habits were considered inadequate, this was not statistically significant. Variables such as age and gender were not associated with BMI.
Copyright (c) 2025 Estefanía Ruth Delgadillo , Jenny Rosemary Geisse Vyhmeister , Débora Noe Garis , Carlos Jesús Canova-Barrios (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Mexican presidential discourse during the six-year term of Andrés Manuel López Obrador 2018-2024
Introduction: The research analyzed the presidential discourse of Andrés Manuel López Obrador during the period 2018-2024. Godínez (2024) studied the ideology of the Fourth Transformation, while Samaniego (2020) examined the construction of the State in globalization. For his part, Badillo (2013) addressed López Obrador's dissident rhetoric in 2012. This background allowed for the contextualization of the analysis of political communication in Mexico. Development: The study evaluated the impact of presidential discourse on public perception, governmental decision-making and the relationship between government and society. Recurring themes, rhetorical approaches and persuasive strategies used in López Obrador's speeches were identified. In addition, the coherence between his rhetoric and the policies implemented during his six-year term was analyzed. A comparative analysis with previous governments was also carried out to identify continuities and changes in Mexican political communication. Likewise, factors such as globalization, the relationship with the United States and the political transformation of the country were considered. Conclusion: The study showed the importance of discourse as a tool of power and legitimation in Mexican politics. It was concluded that presidential rhetoric shaped public opinion and had a significant impact on the government agenda. Finally, the need for continuous analysis of political discourse was highlighted in order to understand its influence on democracy and government communication.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dayron Martínez Rodríguez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Women and Islam, theoretical issues and current affairs
Introduction: Analyzing religion from a gender perspective allows us to understand the interaction between religious norms and power relations. Various studies have shown that religion has been used both to perpetuate patriarchy and to promote social change. In this context, feminist positions have been developed within different religious denominations, especially in the field of monotheistic religions. However, Western feminism has tended to confront the religious, making invisible the contributions of feminists within their own spiritual traditions. Development:The relationship between feminism and religion has been the subject of debates framed by ideological tensions and ethnocentric positions. While feminism in the Global North has promoted secularization as a path towards gender equality, many Muslim women have developed their own feminism within religious frameworks. Islamic feminism, which emerged at the end of the 19th century and consolidated in the 20th century, seeks to reinterpret sacred texts from a hermeneutic of suspicion. Authors such as Amina Wadud and Asma Barlas have demonstrated that the oppression of women does not come from the Koran, but from patriarchal interpretations. Despite their diversity, Islamic feminists agree on the need to reformulate religious norms to guarantee gender justice. Conclusion: Islamic feminism challenges traditional views of secular feminism and patriarchal Islam. While it faces criticism both within and outside Muslim communities, its approach broadens the perspectives of the struggle for gender equality. The reinterpretation of sacred texts from a feminist perspective becomes a key tool for social transformation and the vindication of women's rights within Islam.
Raquel Elena Sicilia Lorenzo Sicilia Lorenzo
Copyright (c) 2024 Raquel Elena Sicilia Lorenzo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Rules, networks and resources of the ombudsmen's offices in Mexico. Notes for their approach
The objective is to present the results of an exploratory review of the annual reports of the Canal Once Audience Ombudsman for the period from 2007 to 2023, carried out with the intention of both identifying the issues addressed in the complaints, observations and comments submitted by the channel's audiences, and of characterizing the process of responding to such messages from the audiences. The Office of the Ombudsman for the Audience began as a media self-regulation measure within the field of ethics; but, it is currently envisaged as one of the mechanisms to guarantee the fulfillment of the rights of the audience recognized in the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States (article 6); and Canal Once was one of the first media outlets in Mexico to have an ombudsman. Among the issues identified, complaints regarding the channel's programming stand out, particularly those referring to the broadcasting of the program Toros y toreros (Bulls and bullfighters) —whose name changed to Toros, sol y sombra (Bulls, sun and shadow)— as it was a constant until the moment it was taken off the air. On the other hand, the identification of the process of attending to audience messages makes it possible to identify some aspects linked to the institutionalization of the ombudsman's office. This review is part of the doctoral research I am carrying out and aims to analyze the process of institutionalization of the ombudsmen of the national media audiences, within the framework of their recognition in the Federal Law of Telecommunications and Broadcasting (2014).
Copyright (c) 2024 Karina Sánchez García (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Anthropology, social transformation and digital environments. The social networks of the Catholic Church in Cuba. A channel for political influence
Introduction: The Catholic Church played a central role in Cuban political life during the last decades, which evidenced its influence in the social and political debate. Previous research, such as that of Gerardo Arreola, pointed out that the Church maintained an active presence in Cuba, even in adverse contexts. The relationship between the Catholic institution and the State was marked by tensions, especially after the 1959 Revolution, when its influence in education and health was reduced. Development: The study analyzed the production of Catholic Church content on digital platforms, differentiating between official channels, priest profiles and independent media that replicated its positions. From a postcolonial perspective, it examined how the Church was historically seen as an ally of power, both in the colonial era and in the revolutionary stage. The analysis also included the influence of individual actors within Cuban cyberspace, highlighting the different treatment that priests received on social networks compared to true digital influencers. A communication model was established based on structural levels, from the Vatican to individual profiles, to understand how religious discourse was articulated in the Cuban political context. Conclusion: The research showed that the reach of religious messages on social networks did not reach the standards established for influencers, but it did generate a significant political impact. The study suggested that the government overestimated the relevance of these actors, which created a scenario of growing confrontation in the immediate future.
Copyright (c) 2024 Yuniel de la Rua Marin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sorority through the screen: weaving networks of care between women through Facebook groups
This study analyzes the dynamics of interaction, emotional bonds and acts of sisterhood within a Facebook group of women who post their concerns and situations that require support from other women to establish possible solutions. The objective is to investigate how these women establish and maintain relationships based on trust and empathy in a digital environment, where anonymity becomes a key tool to promote a safe and supportive space. Through digital ethnography, we investigate the recurring themes that users share, how affective relationships develop within the group, and the impact of anonymity on the search for counseling. We also examine the community care strategies that promote sisterhood and protect participants, exploring how these practices influence the establishment of bonds and collective solutions to common social problems. The results reveal that anonymity allows for greater emotional openness, facilitating the development of deep and genuine affective relationships. Practices of sorority are manifested in empathy and mutual support, and are strengthened through community care strategies that guarantee an environment of respect and safety. However, challenges are also identified, such as conflict management and the need to maintain trust in an environment where anonymity is used.
Copyright (c) 2024 Noelia Figueroa López (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of patients with systemic diseases and their prevalence of periodontal disease in the clinic of the Specialty of Periodontics at the School of Dentistry of the Universidad Abierta Interamericana
Periodontal disease was recognized as a chronic inflammatory disorder that affected the dental supporting tissues, leading to tooth loss in the absence of adequate treatment. Factors such as smoking, age, gender, genetics, stress, socioeconomic status and systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity contributed significantly to its progression and severity. Gingivitis, considered a precursor to periodontitis, remained limited to the gingiva and was reversible by reduction of dental biofilm. The new 2017 classification of periodontal diseases categorized these pathologies according to their severity, complexity and extent, facilitating a more accurate diagnosis. Studies highlighted that smoking tripled the risk of developing periodontitis and that diabetes increased disease progression by altering healing processes. In addition, stress and poor diet were identified as factors associated with periodontal inflammation. Periodontal disease was also linked to systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and respiratory disease, evidencing its impact on overall health. Poor oral hygiene, especially in populations with low socioeconomic status, amplified the risk of complications. The results underscored the need for a preventive approach based on healthy lifestyle habits, education and access to health services. Finally, comprehensive periodontal management and early diagnosis were essential to minimize its progression and prevent serious systemic consequences
Copyright (c) 2025 Forciniti Estefanía (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the news coverage of gender violence on Cubadebate and El Estornudo in the case of Fernando Bécquer
An assessment of the way in which the media covers gender-based violence is essential when it comes to making a diagnosis of the relationship between the media's communication practices and gender-based violence in Cuba. The media do not determine gender violence, but they do contribute to reinforcing the cultural norms and stereotypes that underpin it. Gender stereotypes and roles, those mandates culturally assigned to women and men, are embedded in the social imaginary and the media reproduce them, often without being aware of it. The present research will focus on analyzing the informative treatment of gender violence in the official digital medium Cubadebate and the independent medium El Estornudo, taking as a case study the acts of violence committed by the Cuban troubadour Fernando Bécquer. The research is descriptive in nature and focuses on framing theory, investigating the sources of the research and the journalists who constructed the information. It also uses critical discourse analysis from a feminist perspective to analyze the publications of both media outlets, taking as a reference the case of Fernando Bécquer, an event that caused a great stir in Cuban society, raising the issue of sexual abuse against women, the legality of which exists in the country, and of course, the news coverage of the media.
Copyright (c) 2024 Karina Rodríguez Martínez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Becoming of the Abject Body in Las Malas by Camila Sosa Villada
Introduction: The article analyzed Las malas (2019), a novel by Camila Sosa Villada, highlighting its significance as both a testimony and a denunciation of the violence inflicted on transvestites. It explored how the novel shed light on the social exclusion and rejection of these bodies, considered abject according to the theories of Julia Kristeva and Judith Butler. Development: The article addressed the representation of the transvestite body as both an object of repulsion and desire, revealing the hypocrisy of hegemonic masculinity. It also explained how society’s disciplinary power, as described by Michel Foucault, manifested in the discrimination, abandonment, and violence against the novel’s protagonists. Additionally, it highlighted the role of Aunt Encarna as a protective figure within a transvestite community that found refuge in collectivity. The analysis included the imposed clandestinity on transvestites, who could only inhabit the night to avoid daytime hostility. Furthermore, it discussed the duality of identity in characters like Las Cuervas, who experienced femininity in secrecy without suffering social rejection. Conclusion: The article concluded that Las malas redefined the Latin American literary canon by giving voice to an identity historically marginalized. Through Sosa Villada’s autobiographical narration, the novel recognized the importance of dissident identities and their place in literature.
Copyright (c) 2024 Víctor Andrés Nieto Alonzo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of COVID-19 on rural education: the case of Tilipulo and its regional connection
The COVID-19 pandemic generated a forced transition to virtual education in Ecuador and Latin America, revealing structural inequalities in the region. In Tilipulo, a rural community in Ecuador, students faced barriers such as lack of internet access, technological devices and training in the use of digital platforms. Only 37% of Ecuadorian households had connectivity, a figure that dropped to 16% in rural areas, a common problem in countries such as Peru, Bolivia, Mexico and Brazil, where school dropout rates have risen sharply. Although initiatives such as the COVID-19 Educational Plan in Ecuador attempted to mitigate these difficulties, they were limited in scope. Many teachers resorted to improvised solutions, such as telephone calls, to maintain contact with their students, highlighting the inequality in access to educational resources. In the regional context, countries such as Chile and Uruguay stood out for their technological infrastructure, while others implemented measures such as printed guides and radio programs. In 2021, the hybrid model of education emerged as a viable alternative, combining face-to-face and virtual classes. However, this approach required significant investments in infrastructure and training. The experience highlighted the urgency of policies that ensure inclusive and equitable education, addressing digital and socioeconomic divides. Despite the challenges, the pandemic spurred technological innovations that could transform education systems. E-learning revealed both strengths and weaknesses, highlighting the need for collaboration between governments, communities and educational institutions to build a resilient and sustainable system
Copyright (c) 2025 Nasheli Estefanía Moreno Muso (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
New protocol for care in the dental health system following the Covid-19 pandemic
In 2019 the world experienced a new pandemic and today it continues to leave sequelae on humanity, SARS-CoV-2 became the seventh betacoronavirus to infect the human species, it was characterized by high transmissibility and relatively low lethality; It manifests itself in a mild form in most of the population and increases the probability of severity and lethality in adults over 65 years of age, with previous chronic non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, arterial hypertension, respiratory diseases and obesity. Knowledge about this virus was built as we went through it, so medicine and all its specialties had to make important adaptations in the forms of patient care. Dentistry in particular, due to having a high exposure to contagion, is in constant review of its care protocols and biosafety standards that are essential for a safe practice for both the professional and the patients. This research, with a cross-sectional descriptive approach, was carried out through the application of an anonymous survey, in order to determine the level of knowledge of the new biosafety protocols from the pandemic, it was applied to 52 practicing dentistry professionals. and a comparison was made with respect to the practices carried out before said pandemic
Copyright (c) 2025 Mattos Belene (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Periodontal diseases, especially periodontitis, were associated with systemic and social factors. Recent studies showed their relationship with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis and smoking, with diabetes being a significant factor that aggravated the progression and severity of periodontitis. The prevalence of severe periodontitis increased between 30 and 40 years of age and remained stable at older ages. Factors such as socioeconomic level, habits such as smoking and poor oral hygiene, and systemic conditions, such as hypertension and diabetes, played a determining role in the progression of this pathology. Smoking represented a critical risk, associated with greater severity and incidence of periodontitis. Abandoning this habit significantly reduced the risk. Likewise, people with diabetes had a 2.6 to 3 times higher risk of developing periodontitis, with a more aggressive progression. The studies also suggested a relationship between periodontal disease and hypertension, although further research was needed to establish causality. The data analyzed revealed that prevalence varied with age, habits and systemic conditions. Although factors such as lifestyle and socioeconomic status were not directly associated with systemic pathologies, they significantly influenced periodontal health. It was concluded that these patients required personalized treatment and follow-up to prevent complications. It was essential to standardize evaluation and diagnostic methods to improve the understanding and management of this disease
Biosecurity protocols in dentistry in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic
Introduction: In December 2019, pneumonia cases were identified in Wuhan, China, subsequently attributed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19. Its rapid spread led the World Health Organization to declare it an international health emergency in January 2020. This virus belongs to the Coronaviridae family and has generated unique challenges due to its high transmissibility and infective capacity. Development: SARS-CoV-2 was transmitted mainly by respiratory droplets, contact with contaminated surfaces and aerosols generated during medical procedures, including dental procedures. In dentistry, it was observed that the virus binds to ACE-2 receptors present in the oral cavity, which increased the relevance of implementing strict biosafety protocols. These measures included the use of personal protective equipment, such as N95 masks, face shields and gloves, along with chemical barriers such as specific disinfectants. In addition, mouth rinses with 1% hydrogen peroxide and 0.2% povidone demonstrated effectiveness in reducing viral load. Conclusions: The pandemic underscored the need to strengthen biosecurity protocols in dentistry. The measures implemented, together with staff and patient awareness, allowed mitigating risks and ensuring continuity of care. These practices not only protect against SARS-CoV-2, but also prepare the field
Hooligan gangs, sexism and drugs. Analyzing violence through soccer series (Puerta 7; Club de Cuervos; and Perros de Berlín)
The analysis of the series *Puerta 7* (Argentina), *Club de Cuervos* (Mexico) and *Perros de Berlín* (Germany) allowed us to examine the representation of violence and sexism in audiovisual productions. Based on Johan Galtung's Triangle of Violence, three types of violence were differentiated: direct, structural and cultural. In addition, approaches to cultural consumption and mediation were considered in the analysis of television narratives. Research on *Club de Cuervos* has highlighted how the series addressed sexism in sports administration, the representation of gender stereotypes and the influence of the media on the perception of soccer. Satire was identified as a tool for questioning the power dynamics in Mexican soccer and its link to politics and corruption. In *Puerta 7*, the relationship between soccer fan clubs and organized crime was explored, highlighting the participation of women in traditionally male spaces and the way in which violence affects vulnerable sectors. On the other hand, *Perros de Berlín* presented a context of discrimination and structural violence in Germany, with an emphasis on the marginalization of migrant communities and the presence of extremist groups. These studies have shown that football, beyond its role as a sport, has been used as a narrative resource to expose social problems linked to violence, exclusion and power hierarchies.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mario Antonio Valle Jiménez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0