Approach to leptospirosis and dengue fever from different perspectives: an interdisciplinary study in Alto Verde, a neighborhood in the city of Santa Fe

Abstract

Leptospirosis and dengue are zoonotic diseases that share some risk factors, necessitating interdisciplinary approaches for a comprehensive understanding. Santa Fe City exhibits environmental and social conditions conducive to the transmission of both diseases. The objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological, biological, and socio-cultural potential risk factors in Alto Verde. A survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) was conducted alongside serological analysis for antibodies, and detection of vectors and reservoirs. Rodent sampling involved the placement of hair traps in four transects in December 2023, followed by live-trapping in February 2024 (totaling 88 trap-nights per sampling). Eight mosquito sampling points were established, each comprising 5 houses. Sampling involved recording the number of potential breeding sites, collecting and quantifying Aedes larvae and utilizing two Prokopack-type vacuums for collecting adults. A total of 126 neighbors responded the questionnaire and 102 serum samples were obtained. Dengue seroprevalence was determined by ELISA IgG test; 10% samples were positive; analysis of Leptospira seroprevalence is ongoing. Positive hair traps accounted for 49% of the tubes used and rodents captured were nine mice and two rats. Mosquito data showed great variation among sampling points in the number of breeding sites recorded (47-248), and in Aedes larvae (23-241) and adults (3-15) collected, indicating the presence of hotspots in the sampling area. High dengue antibody prevalence in the surveyed areas correlated with numerous potential breeding sites. Rodent infestation was substantial, and surveys indicated a lack of leptospirosis awareness among the population, contrasting with their knowledge of dengue