Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic among adult patients at the adult patients of the Sanatorio Nuestra Señora de Rosario (IPAM) of the city of Rosario, Argentina - 2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/piii2024350Keywords:
mental health, anxiety, depression, stress, confinement COVID-19Abstract
Introduction: During the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), people were subjected to a preventive and compulsory social isolation measure (ASPO) generating a negative impact on the physical, psychological and social state of the people.
people.
Objective: To describe the symptoms related to depression, anxiety and stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic perceived by adult patients of the Sanatorio Nuestra Señora de Rosario (IPAM) in Rosario during the ASPO period (March to November 2020).
Materials and methods: Quantitative, descriptive observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study, carried out at the Sanatorio Nuestra Señora de Rosario, located at Sarmiento 3125, in the city of Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. The data collection instrument was a structured survey, applied online through google forms, self-administered, voluntary and anonymous. The variables analyzed were age, sex, COVID-19 diagnosis and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. Similarly, in order to establish the relationship between age and sex and according to whether or not they had suffered Covid-19 with anxiety, depression and stress, inferential statistics were applied with the Chi-square test. Results: A total of 68 patients were surveyed, of whom 40 (59%) were female, 27 (40%) were male and 1 reported being of another sex. The mean age was 41.53 ± 14.1 years (min. 18; max. 73), the age group between 18 and 30 years constituted 44% of the population studied. Of these, 35 (51%) patients were not diagnosed with COVID-19 during the pandemic isolation period and 33 (49%) did have COVID-19. Fifty-four percent of patients had mild anxiety, 31% had moderate anxiety, and 15% had severe anxiety. Thirty-seven percent of patients had mild depression, 22% had minimal depression, 16% had moderate depression, 12% had moderately severe depression, 7% had severe depression, and 6% had no depression. Finally, 62% had low stress, 34% moderate stress and 4% high stress. No significant association was found between variables.
Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic caused some degree of anxiety and stress in all respondents and a similar incidence of depression, both in the population diagnosed with this disease and in those who did not suffer from it, being mainly affected women and the young population under 40 years of age
References
Ahmed, G. K., Ramadan, H. K., Refay, S. M., & Khashbah, M. A. (2021). Comparison of knowledge, attitude, socioeconomic burden, and mental health disorders of COVID-19 pandemic between general population and health care workers in Egypt. The Egyptian journal of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery, 57(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-021-00280-w
Aidé, B. C. I., Flores-Raya, D., González-López, A. M., Reyes-Bello, J., Vázquez-Cruz, E., & García-Galicia, A. (2021). Síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés ante COVID-19 en una unidad de medicina familiar. Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 59(4), 274-280.
Alarcón, M. E. B. (2018). Estrés y Burnout enfermedades en la vida actual. Palibrio.
Alberca Ramos, L., Arizcun Ramos, L., Bolívar Soria, R., Buitrago Caraballo, A., Cristóbal Bayo, N., Cuño Galán, L., ...& Lozano Andrés, A. (2020). La atención a la salud mental en la pandemia de COVID-19.
Altena, E., Baglioni, C., Espie, C. A., Ellis, J., Gavriloff, D., Holzinger, B., Schlarb, A., Frase, L., Jernelöv, S., & Riemann, D. (2020). Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID-19 outbreak: Practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT-I Academy. Journal of sleep research, 29(4), e13052. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13052
Arias Molina, Y., Herrero Solano, Y., Cabrera Hernández, Y., Guyat, D. C., & Mederos, Y. G. (2020). Manifestaciones psicológicas frente a la situación epidemiológica causada por la COVID-19. Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas, 19.
Aveiro-Róbalo, T. R., Chávez, F. S., Meléndez, S. Y., Vinelli-Arzubiaga, D., JaramilloAguilar, D. S., Rojas-Roa, J. L., ...& Mejia, C. R. (2021). Ansiedad, depresión y estrés por COVID-19 en profesionales de la salud de Latinoamérica:
Características y factores asociados. Boletín de Malariología y Salud Ambiental, 61, 114-122.
Aymerich, C., Pedruzo, B., Pérez, J. L., Laborda, M., Herrero, J., Blanco, J., Mancebo,
G., Andrés, L., Estévez, O., Fernandez, M., Salazar de Pablo, G., Catalan, A., & González-Torres, M. Á. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic effects on health worker's mental health: Systematic review and meta-analysis. European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 65(1), e10. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1
Ayuque Loayza, A. (2022). Nivel de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, contexto Covid-19, de profesionales de la salud según escala dass-21, Hospital Militar Central, octubrediciembre 2020.
Brito-Brito, P. R., Fernández-Gutiérrez, D. Á., & Cuéllar-Pompa, L. (2021). Manejo emocional de la crisis sanitaria ante el coronavirus: una revisión narrativa [Emotional management of the health crisis by coronavirus: A narrative review]. Enfermeria clinica (English Edition), 31, S107–S111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.05.010
Broche-Pérez, Y., Fernández-Castillo, E., & Reyes Luzardo, D. A. (2021). Consecuencias psicológicas de la cuarentena y el aislamiento social durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Revista Cubana de Salud Pública, 46, e2488.
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., &Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The lancet, 395(10227), 912-920.
Canals, M. (2020). Conceptos para una buena toma de decisiones en la pandemia COVID-en Chile. Revista chilena de infectología, 37(2), 170-172.
Cedeño, N. J. V., Cuenca, M. F. V., Mojica, Á. A. D., & Portillo, M. T. (2020). Afrontamiento del COVID-19: estrés, miedo, ansiedad y depresión. Enfermería investiga, 5(3), 63-70.
Comfort, A. B., Krezanoski, P. J., Rao, L., El Ayadi, A., Tsai, A. C., Goodman, S., & Harper, C. C. (2021). Mental health among out patient reproductive health care providers during the US COVID-19 epidemic. Reproductive Health, 18(1), 1-doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01102-1
Długosz P. (2021). Factors influencing mental health among American youth in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. Personality and individual differences, 175, 110711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110711
Fukase, Y., Ichikura, K., Murase, H., &Tagaya, H. (2021). Depression, risk factors, and coping strategies in the context of social dislocations resulting from the second wave of COVID-19 in Japan. BMC psychiatry, 21(1), 1-Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03047-y
Galindo-Vázquez, O., Ramírez-Orozco, M., Costas-Muñiz, R., Mendoza-Contreras, L. A., Calderillo-Ruíz, G., & Meneses-García, A. (2020). Symptoms of anxiety, depression and self-carebehaviorsduringthe COVID-19 pandemic in the general population. Síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y conductas de autocuidado durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en la población general. Gaceta medica de Mexico, 156(4), 298–305. https://doi.org/10.24875/GMM.20000266
Garcia, G. P. A., Fracarolli, I. F. L., Dos Santos, H. E. C., de Oliveira, S. A., Martins, B.
G., Santin Junior, L. J., Marziale, M. H. P., & Rocha, F. L. R. (2022). Depression,
Anxiety and Stress in Health Professionals in the COVID-19 Context. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(7), 4402. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074402
García-Iglesias, J. J., Gómez-Salgado, J., Martín-Pereira, J., Fagundo-Rivera, J., Ayuso-
Murillo, D., Martínez-Riera, J. R., & Ruiz Frutos, C. (2020). Impacto del SARSCoV-2 (Covid-19) en la salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios: una revisión
sistemática. Revista española de salud pública, 94(23), 1-20. https://www.mscbs.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revi stacdrom/VOL94/REVISIONES/RS94C_202007088.pdf
Gildner, T. E., Laugier, E. J., & Thayer, Z. M. (2020). Exercise routine change is associated with prenatal depression scores during the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant women across the United States. PloS one, 15(12), e0243188. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243188
González, L. Z. T., Guevara, E. G., Nava, M. G., Estala, M. A. C., García, K. Y. R., & Peña, E. G. R. (2019). Depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes de nuevo ingreso a la educación superior. Revista Salud Pública y Nutrición, 17(4), 41-47.
Hernández Rodríguez, J. (2020). Impacto de la COVID-19 sobre la salud mental de las personas. Medicentro Electrónica, 24(3), 578-594.
Herrera-Covarrubias, D., Coria-Avila, G. A., Muñoz-Zavaleta, D. A., Graillet-Mora, O., Aranda-Abreu, G. E., Rojas-Durán, F., & Ismail, N. (2017). Impacto del estrés psicosocial en la salud. Revista de Neurobiologia: Revista Electrónica, 8(17),
Inzunza-Cervantes, G., Ornelas-Aguirre, J. M., Trujillo-García, J. J., & Peña-Valenzuela, A. N. (2020). Para entender el SAR S-CoV-2: un análisis de la pandemia actual. Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 58(2), 164-174.
Khademian, F., Delavari, S., Koohjani, Z., & Khademian, Z. (2021). An investigation of depression, anxiety, and stress and its relating factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. BMC public health, 21(1), 1-7.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-3
Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan,
H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., & Hu, S. (2020).
Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA network open, 3(3), e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
Lee, H., Choi, D., & Lee, J. J. (2022). Depression, anxiety, and stress in Korean general populationduringthe COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiology and health, 44, e2022018. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022018
Lee, J. H., Lee, H., Kim, J. E., Moon, S. J., &Nam, E. W. (2021). Analysis of personal and national factors that influence depression in individuals during the COVID19 pandemic: a web-basedcross-sectional survey. Globalization and Health, 17(1), 1-12.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00650-8
Leung, C., Ho, M. K., Bharwani, A. A., Cogo-Moreira, H., Wang, Y., Chow, M. S., ...& Ni, M. Y. (2022). Mental disorders following COVID-19 and othe repidemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Translational psychiatry, 12(1), 1-12.
Li, W., Yang, Y., Liu, Z. H., Zhao, Y. J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, L., Cheung, T., &Xiang, Y.
T. (2020). Progression of Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Outbreak in China. International journal of biological sciences, 16(10), 1732–1738. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.45120
Mayo Clinic. (2019). Mayo Clinic Family Health Book (Sexta Edición). Amsterdam University Press.
Nicolini, H. (2020). Depression and anxietyduring COVID - 19 pandemic. Cirugía y Cirujanos, 88(5), 542-547. doi: 10.24875/CIRU.M20000067
Oblitas Gonzales, A., & Sánchez, N. S. (2020). Ansiedad en tiempos de aislamiento social por COVID-19. Chota, Perú, 2020. Avances en Enfermería, 38, 10-20.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2019). Salud mental. https://www.who.int/es/newsroom/facts-in-pictures/detail/mental-health
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2020). Depresión. https://www.who.int/es/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/depression
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2021). Depresión. https://www.who.int/es/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/depression
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2022). Mental health and COVID-19: early evidence of the pandemic’simpact: scientific brief, 2 March 2022.
Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Dosil-Santamaria, M., Picaza-Gorrochategui, M., & IdoiagaMondragon, N. (2020). Niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en la primera fase del brote del COVID-19 en una muestra recogida en el norte de España. Cadernos de saude publica, 36(4), e00054020. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-X00054020
Pereira, V., & Molero, P. (2019). Protocolo diagnóstico y terapéutico de la depresión/Diagnostic and therapeutic protocol of depression. Medicine, 12(86), 5070-5074.Doi: 10.1016/j.med.2019.09.015
Puccinelli, P. J., da Costa, T. S., Seffrin, A., de Lira, C., Vancini, R. L., Nikolaidis, P. T., Knechtle, B., Rosemann, T., Hill, L., & Andrade, M. S. (2021). Reduced level of physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic is associated with depression and anxiety levels: an internet-based survey. BMC public health, 21(1), 425. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10470-z
Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., &Xu, Y. (2020). A nation wide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General psychiatry, 33(2), e100213. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
Reyes-Ticas, J. A. (2018). Trastornos de ansiedad: Guía práctica para diagnóstico y tratamiento. Biblioteca virtual en salud.
Romero, R. M. (2020). Depression and themeaning of life in universitystudents in times of pandemic. International Journal of EducationalPsychology, 9(3), 223-Doi: 10.17583/ijep.2020.6784
Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M., &Benedek, D. M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: Mental
healthconsequences and target populations. Psychiatry and
clinicalneurosciences, 74(4), 281–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12988
Sierra, J. C., Ortega, V., &Zubeidat, I. (2003). Ansiedad, angustia y estrés: tres conceptos a diferenciar. Revista mal-estar e subjetividade, 3(1), 10-59.
Silva-Sobrinho, R. A., Zilly, A., Silva, R. M. M. D., Arcoverde, M. A. M., Deschutter, E. J., Palha, P. F., &Bernardi, A. S. (2021). Copingwith COVID-19 in aninternationalborderregion: health and economy. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 29.Doi: 10.1590/1518- 8345.4659.3398
Thibaut, F., & van Wijngaarden-Cremers, P. (2020). Women's Mental Health in the Time of Covid-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in global women'shealth, 1, 588372. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2020.588372
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). ImmediatePsychological Responses and AssociatedFactorsduringtheInitialStage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemicamongthe General Population in China. International journal of environmentalresearch and publichealth, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
Yao, H., Chen, J. H., &Xu, Y. F. (2020). Patientswith mental healthdisorders in the
COVID-19 epidemic. Thelancet. Psychiatry, 7(4), e21.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30090-0
Zaragoza-Martínez, F., Lucho-Constantino, G. G., & Barrales-Cureño, H. J. (2020). Panorama de la situación actual con respecto al coronavirus. Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 58(2), 152-163.
Zevallos, E.P., Arias, W.L., Muñoz, A., Rivera, R., y Luna, M. (2020). Depresión postparto en mujeres víctimas de violencia doméstica en la ciudad de
Arequipa. Revista Cubana de Obstetricia y Ginecología, 46(1), 1-16.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Fernanda Rodrigues Vieira, Dra. Nirley Caporaletti, Dr. Gastón Caporella (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.