Analysis of patients with systemic diseases and their prevalence of periodontal disease in the clinic of the Specialty of Periodontics at the School of Dentistry of the Universidad Abierta Interamericana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/piii2025404Keywords:
Periodontitis, smoking, diabetes, oral hygiene, systemic factorsAbstract
Periodontal disease was recognized as a chronic inflammatory disorder that affected the dental supporting tissues, leading to tooth loss in the absence of adequate treatment. Factors such as smoking, age, gender, genetics, stress, socioeconomic status and systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity contributed significantly to its progression and severity. Gingivitis, considered a precursor to periodontitis, remained limited to the gingiva and was reversible by reduction of dental biofilm.
The new 2017 classification of periodontal diseases categorized these pathologies according to their severity, complexity and extent, facilitating a more accurate diagnosis. Studies highlighted that smoking tripled the risk of developing periodontitis and that diabetes increased disease progression by altering healing processes. In addition, stress and poor diet were identified as factors associated with periodontal inflammation.
Periodontal disease was also linked to systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and respiratory disease, evidencing its impact on overall health. Poor oral hygiene, especially in populations with low socioeconomic status, amplified the risk of complications. The results underscored the need for a preventive approach based on healthy lifestyle habits, education and access to health services. Finally, comprehensive periodontal management and early diagnosis were essential to minimize its progression and prevent serious systemic consequences
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