Towards a Sustainable Future: Alternative Energy Policies and Perspectives

Abstract

The study analysed the role of alternative fuels in energy sustainability, highlighting their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil resources. However, it identified multiple technical, economic, social and environmental obstacles to their implementation. Options such as biofuels, hydrogen, electricity and compressed natural gas were investigated, emphasising the associated benefits and risks. Using a multidisciplinary approach, academic studies, economic analyses and expert interviews were reviewed, identifying the need for specific public policies that balance environmental, social and economic aspects. For example, the energy efficiency of biodiesel in Argentina was assessed, concluding that its mass adoption would require changes in agriculture and energy consumption.
In addition, international cases were analysed, such as the energy goals of the United States, to highlight advances in incentive policies. The study underlined the importance of assessing the environmental and social impact of these alternative energies, while encouraging the diversification of energy matrices and the reduction of negative impacts. The research concluded that a sustainable transition depends on clear strategies and a sound theoretical basis.