Towards Inclusive Dentistry: Approaches to the Management of ASD in the Latin American Context

Abstract

Dental care for patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Argentina during 2023 was a significant challenge that required an interdisciplinary approach. This disorder, characterised by alterations in social communication, repetitive behaviours and sensory restrictions, demanded the implementation of personalised strategies to address the needs of this population. Despite advances in inclusive health and education policies, limitations in resources and specialised training hindered equitable access to adequate treatment in several regions of the country. Patients with ASD faced barriers in their oral health due to difficulties in maintaining dental hygiene, parafunctional habits and a higher incidence of periodontal diseases and caries. Dentists used non-pharmacological techniques such as systematic desensitisation and visual pedagogy, as well as the adaptation of clinical environments, in order to reduce stress and facilitate patients' cooperation during procedures. The role of families was crucial, as their integration in the care process ensured continuity of care at home. However, training and awareness raising for both caregivers and oral health professionals were identified as priority areas. In this context, training in techniques such as applied behaviour analysis and positive reinforcement helped to generate more inclusive and effective environments. Despite existing inequalities in access to specialised services, the promotion of inclusive public policies and interdisciplinary collaboration offered opportunities to improve the quality of life of people with ASD and their families in Argentina. This inclusive and empathetic approach contributed to the construction of a more equitable health system in the Latin American context.