Systematic review on the prevention of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/piii2023146Keywords:
Pneumonia, Aspiration / prevention & control, Aspiration / mortality, Humans, Aged, Deglutition disordersAbstract
Background: Pneumonia is a common respiratory infection. Macroaspiration, is the aspiration of a large oropharyngeal volume from the upper digestive tract. Dysphagia is the most significant of the risk factors for pneumonia and is extremely common in older people.
Material and methods: The study design was that of a systematic review of the literature, scientific articles were analyzed after making a selection after an exhaustive bibliographic search, with the objective of knowing the prevention measures to avoid or reduce the risk of pneumonia. macroaspiration in adults older than 65 years.
Results: Specific searches were carried out following the explained methodology, allowing the identification of 6 articles, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 2 articles were systematic review, 2 randomized clinical trials, a quasi-experimental quantitative study and a retrospective study.
Conclusion: Different approaches regarding the prevention of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly patient were analyzed. The main factors associated with aspiration pneumonia were two: dysphagia and poor oral hygiene. The importance of protecting the airway of the patient with dysphagia and poor oral hygiene is clear, it being important to diagnose dysphagia early in order to take preventive measures and avoid the complication of aspiration pneumonia
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